King Lear Conflict Analysis - 1109 Words

In the play The Tragedy of King Lear, William Shakespeare conveys a power struggle between Lear ´s good and loyal subjects, and those who were greedy and manipulative. King Lear split his kingdom among his two eldest daughters who relied on flattery rather than genuinity to portray their love for him, and banished his kind and honest daughter, Cordelia, for defying his expectation of insincere praise. From then on, there was a great deal of tension between the characters who wanted to take Lear down, and those who would try to protect him with their loyalty. The tension spiraled into a war. Shakespeare intentionally neglects details about the time period of the conflict in order for it to be portrayed as a quarrel between the virtues and†¦show more content†¦Instead, he transferred his land and power to the eldest daughters, Regan and Goneril, who did not love him. They deceived Lear into believing that they loved him by stroking his ego so that they could further their ow n personal agendas. Goneril and Regan represented similar characteristics, as they both exemplified cruelty, ruthlessness, and greed throughout the play. Lear ´s best friend, Kent, pleaded with him to see that he had been wrong, saying,  ¨And in thy best consideration check / The hideous rashness (1.1 167-168). ¨ Lear was angered by his honesty and banished him as well, refusing to admit to his fault. He cast off the two characters that represented the goodness of his sole, and therefore, these virtues were unable to stay in order to fight off his vices. This allowed all of the evil aspects of his mind to consume him. He finally realized that he made a mistake when his remaining daughters began to undermine his minimal authority and plot against him. At the end of act II, they refused to even house him anymore when Goneril said  ¨entreat him by no means to stay (2.4 342). ¨ This was followed by Lear being kicked out into a harsh thunderstorm with no means of protection from the weather. TheShow MoreRelatedKing Lear and the Genre of Tragedy Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagesof the hero. Written between 1604 and 1606, ‘King Lear’ falls into the genre of tragedy, depicting the destruction and downfall of the main character (Abrams). The play centres on Lear, an aging king who, in his retirement, decides to divide his kingdom between his three daughters while retaining the title and privileges of being king. However, King Lear’s actions lead to the destruction of his family, tearing up his kingdom and creating a war. ‘King Lear’ is a tragedy as it follows the codes a nd conventionsRead MoreAchieve a Level Four Performance in an Oral Exam Through the Formal Speech/the Oral Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pagesproverb, â€Å"I felt sorry for myself because I had no shoes, until I met a man who had no feet.† How much more we suddenly know about the shoes and the feet, thinking of them together. This is the power of comparison and contrast. In this comparative-analysis essay, you need to describe, explore, and explain how different events, characters, or ideas in two literary texts are connected or related. You need to draw them together to show how they are similar and/or different. While â€Å"comparing† is widelyRead MoreA Comparison Between the Plots of King Lear and Much Ado about Nothing910 Words   |  4 Pagestaking a closer look at the plots of King Lear and Much Ado about Nothing. There are both similarities and differences in King Lear’s and Much Ado about Nothing’s plots in the rising action, climax, and res olution. Initially, There are both similarities and differences in King Lear’s and Much Ado about Nothing’s plots in the rising action. In both cases, you aren’t given much time upon beginning until situations start to escalate. Now, before I say anything about King Lear’s plot, I’d like to point outRead MoreThe Tragedy Of King Lear By William Shakespeare1671 Words   |  7 Pagesdramatic enlightenment. The tragedy of King Lear, written by William Shakespeare, illustrates the story of a proud and self-centered king, whose obtuse judgement shapes his demise. Lear’s impulsive actions catalyze a chain of events, inspiring emotion from the characters and the audience alike. On the surface, King Lear fits the description of Aristotle’s tragic hero. Discrepancies in Lear’s tale, however, contradict the idea of an idyllic relationship between Lear and the philosophies of Aristotle.Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear3086 Words   |  1 3 PagesJerion Young Ms. Woods English IV 4 March 2015 King Lear William Shakespeare uses several literary elements in his writing, elements which are especially apparent in his play, King Lear. Shakespeare uses excellent creativity and description when writing this tragedy. â€Å"Neither has Shakespeare placed in the mouth of any other character in this play such fatalistic expressions as may be found in King Lear and occasionally elsewhere†(A.C. 2003). The way King Lear talks in this play is very evil compared toRead MoreA Consideration of the Way Shakespeare Presents and Develops the Theme of Blindness in King Lear1563 Words   |  7 PagesA Consideration of the Way Shakespeare Presents and Develops the Theme of Blindness in King Lear Introduction ============ Throughout ‘King Lear’, Shakespeare uses the play’s characters to make judgements on society using blindness as a metaphor that runs through the play. He does this in a number of ways portraying characters that can be fooled by others’ flattery, or are easily manipulated or deceived, or simply have a lack of wisdom. As well as the horrific Read MoreKing Lear and Death of a Salesman Essay672 Words   |  3 PagesSocial pressures change as time passes, therefore it is interesting to see how these three texts whom differ by almost four hundred years perceive society and the effect this has on the protagonists; Shakespeare’s King Lear which was first performed in 1606 during the Jacobean era, presents a patriarchal society. Whilst, Arthur Miller uses the characters in ‘Death of a salesman’ to show the failure of the ‘American dream’ during the â€Å"golden era† of America in the late 40’s. The ‘American Dream’ wasRead MoreLove, Friendship, Loyalty in William Shakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream and King Lear2661 Words   |  11 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s (1564-1616) attempt to explore themes of love, friendship and loyalty in his plays, A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1600) and Kin g Lear (1603-1606), there is distinct and constant portrayal of these themes classified of inconsistencies. It is crucial to understand that the historical context of Shakespeare’s writing is important in grasping a true understanding of the inconsistencies that exists in love, friendship and loyalty. Writing during the time of the renaissance, Shakespeare’sRead More How Power Corrupts in Macbeth Essay2647 Words   |  11 Pagesnobles craving for power leads him to do terrible deeds that leads to his demise. Shakespeare shows that power corrupts by using Macbeth who corrupts under the thought of have power over others. Macbeth becomes corrupt under the thought of becoming king and gaining almost complete control over the people that he rules. Macbeth wants the power badly enough to do horrible deeds such as commit regicide. Lady Macbeth becomes very ambitious and allows herself to become seduced to the idea of becoming QueenRead MoreEssay about Shakespeares Twelfth N ight1780 Words   |  8 Pagesappetites of the aristocrats among the audience. His contemporary status is different, and Shakespeares plays have become a symbol of culture and education, being widely used as a subject for academic study and literary criticism. A close critical analysis of Twelfth Night can reveal how Shakespeare manipulates the form, structure, and language to contribute to the meaning of his plays. Form Through the form of dialogue Shakespeare conveys the relationship between characters. For example, the

The New Yorker July 21, 2008 Cover Satire or Racist Free Essays

On the fourth week of July 2008, people were astonished as The New Yorker Magazine graced the stands. The cover page showed Barry Blitt’s illustration depicting Barrack Obama wearing a traditional Muslim outfit with a white cap or taqiyah, a white robe or thawb in light brown overtones covering a pair of black pants and brown sandals. Obama’s taqiyah covered a turban that showed his ear prominently unlike Middle Eastern Arab turbans that cover their ears. We will write a custom essay sample on The New Yorker July 21, 2008 Cover: Satire or Racist? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, his thawb length is midway between the knee and the ankle which reflects an orthodox Muslim dress code. Obama is also shown doing a knuckle greeting with his wife Michelle that â€Å"Fox News’ E. D. Hill calls a ‘terrorist fist jab’†¦ [that is] †¦usually seen used by other prominent terrorists†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Acropolis). Meanwhile, Michelle Obama was shown in an afro hairstyle, a black blouse, camouflage pants and combat shoes. She also has a bandolier and a grayish-greenish, banana-type assault rifle slung at her back. The rifle looked much like an AK47 variant without the AK’s trademark brown, wooden stock. Barrack and Michelle stood at the oval office in a happy demeanor. Barrack was portrayed with his usual serious, but smiling face while Michelle’s smile was more obvious that revealed her prominent cheekbones in a blush. Michelle stood by the left side while Barrack stood by the right side. At Barrack’s back is a golden framed half-faced portrait of Osama Bin Laden in pure white cap and robe and just below the portrait is a fireplace showing the American flag with flames but not yet burnt. The New Yorker’s cover page certainly had shock value yet after careful thought and research, the illustration was really a satire rather than a racist statement. According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, a satire is â€Å"a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn; and trenchant wit, irony, or sarcasm used to expose and discredit vice or folly† (â€Å"satire†). The Encyclopedia Britannica further elaborates that a satire is an â€Å"artistic form, chiefly literary and dramatic, in which human or individual vices, follies, abuses, or shortcomings are held up to censure by means of ridicule, derision, burlesque, irony, parody, caricature, or other methods, sometimes with an intent to inspire social reform† (â€Å"satire†). Racism, on the other hand, is â€Å"a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race; and racial prejudice or discrimination† according to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary (â€Å"racism†). Racism is further elaborated as â€Å"any action, practice, or belief that [says]†¦that humans are divided into separate and exclusive biological entities†¦[and that]†¦a causal link between inherited physical traits,†¦personality, intellect, morality, and other cultural behavioral features†¦[make]†¦some races†¦innately superior† than others by the Encyclopedia Britannica (â€Å"racism†). As a satire, the illustration has a meaning behind it and should not be taken literally as what it is shown. However, some people will easily take the meaning of the illustration as a racist statement and think that the artist, Barry Blitt, thinks Barrack Obama and Michelle are not worthy to lead this country. The New Yorker Magazine has been published since February 21, 1925 and is sold nationwide. Its format deals with political commentary and cartoon covers that are somewhat ‘unreal’ yet funny. It is also quite proud of its Cartoon Bank and â€Å"sells prints of†¦cartoons and covers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  A quick view on the contents of its July 20, 2009 issue show some topics as follows: a) Hendrik Hertzberg on Sarah Palin; b) John Colapinto on Senator Al Franken; and c) Elizabeth Colbert on America’s obesity problem, to name a few. The Obama cartoon was published on July 21, 2008 right at the heat of the US Presidential Election campaigns. Various rumors during that time have circulated accusing Barrack Obama as a â€Å"‘radical Muslim’ who ‘will not recite the pledge of allegiance’† (Snopes. om, â€Å"Barrack Obama†) and have sworn in on the Quran as Minnesota Representative Keith Ellison did (The Acropolis) (Snopes. com, â€Å"Who is Barrack Obama†). Issues also included President Barrack Hussein Obama Junior’s middle name ‘Hussein’ which was associated with former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein (Snopes. com, â€Å"Who is Barrack Obama†). Moreover, Obama’s wife, Michelle, was not spared from close public scrutiny. Her undergraduate thesis at the Princeton University in 1985 with the statement â€Å"blacks must join in solidarity to combat a white oppressor† has been quoted out of context (Snopes. om, â€Å"Michelle Obama’s Thesis†) and detractors have associated such statement with Black Panther Party for Self Defense political activist, Angela Yvonne Davis (Davis). The State of California charged Davis as an accomplice to conspiracy, kidnapping, and homicide for the shotgun registered to her name that killed Judge Harold Haley in an escape attempt of the ‘Soledad Brothers’ that the Black Panthers supported (Davis). Davis has been acquitted then she temporarily re located to Cuba before going back to the United States and ran as a candidate for the Communist Party USA (Davis). With these rumors, the Blitt cartoon cover for the New Yorker can now be more easily understood. Obama has been dressed as an orthodox Muslim to depict rumors about him as an Islamic radical. In addition, since Obama has been educated in Indonesia as a kid, his Muslim attire closely resembled Indonesian Muslim dress codes rather than the Middle Eastern Muslims’. Accusations against Obama for his ‘unpatriotic behavior’ have also been symbolized by the American flag thrown into the flames of the Oval Office’s fireplace. Michelle has also been portrayed in an Afro hairstyle that was synonymous to Angela Davis. Moreover, since Davis had ties to Cuba, Michelle was dressed as a Revolutionary in camouflage pants with an assault rifle at her back that looked like an AK47—a popular symbol among Communist revolutionaries. It can now also be easily discerned why Osama Bin Laden’s portrait was in the backdrop. First, Obama sounded like Osama. Second, Obama’s middle name ‘Hussein’ is the same as former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein’s. These two world figures tied Obama to the rumors that Barrack was a Muslim extremist. As John Aravosis of Weblog described the cartoon: â€Å"†¦New Yorker thinks it’s funny to make Mrs. Obama some radical black panther, Barrack Obama basically a terrorist†¦and they’re even burning the American flag in the Oval Office†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Stirland). The New Yorker cover on Barrack and Michelle Obama is a satire for the following reasons: a) the magazine has a reputation for satirical cartoons portraying political issues and personalities; b) the artist, Barry Blitt, is a known satirist and has made statements on the issues and rumors surrounding Obama; and c) the cartoon or artwork itself is full of symbolisms that convey irony and sarcasm. Following the same track, Blitt’s illustration is really not a racist statement against Barrack Obama because the New Yorker is a liberal, cosmopolitan publication and the symbolisms of the cartoon show otherwise. A quick look into the New Yorker archives show that the magazine has been consistent since 1925 on its satire, focus on American politics, and political humor. It has developed its reputation along these lines. In a pro-Obama blog entry in The Acropolis, Dylan the blogger has this to say: â€Å"Obviously, the New Yorker cover was satirical. It also elaborates that: â€Å"Even faithful Fox News watchers will have to see the cover and hear anchors admit that it is a satire—that the images it depicts are making fun of rumors that are not true. † Likewise, in an anti-Obama blog entry in the ‘Old Atlantic Lighthouse’ notes: â€Å"The New Yorker Magazine†¦is now in full retreat mode to say it was simply mocking Christianity, Israel, America, the West, white people, the Constitution, self rule, and the resistance to Islam. Most of all, New Yorker editor, David Remnick, explained the controversial cover: â€Å"The idea is to attack the lies and misconceptions and distortions about the Obama’s and their background and their politics† (Stirland). Also, Barry Blitt is a known satirist. He has nine illustrations in the New Yorker with the title â€Å"The Politics of Satire. † He has also made statements about the cover like: â€Å"I think the idea that the Obamas are branded as unpatriotic in certain sectors is preposterous,† and â€Å"It seemed to me that depicting the concept would show it as the fear-mongering ridiculousness that it is. Most of all, his illustration is titled:  "The Politics of Fear. † The title alone that Blitt has coined on his work conveys a message that certain politicians are playing on people’s fear that Obama was black, a Muslim, a terrorist and unpatriotic. Most importantly, the illustration was a satire because the artwork itself is full of symbolisms that convey irony and sarcasm. One, the Obamas were smiling. Two, Barrack’s thawb is not pure white unlike Osama Bin Laden’s pure white cap and robe at the backdrop portrait. A pure white cloth has unique symbolisms in the Islamic faith. Three, Michelle crossed her legs while standing up as if crossing her fingers in wishful thinking. Four, the assault rifle’s color did not really feel like the real AK47 with a brown, wooden stock and wooden barrel encasement. Finally, although the American flag was in the fireplace with flames, the flag was not in flames and is not burning. The flag stayed whole and was not even partially consumed by fire. Nevertheless, some people disagree and contend that the cover was an insult and racist. Jane Hamsher of FireDogLake observed: â€Å"†¦Most people who see this cover are just going to see the image of Obama in a turban. It reinforces a critical piece of misinformation that right wing propagandists have advanced in order to poison the political climate in this country and make it that much more difficult for a person of color to be elected president†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Stirland). Roger Simon noted: †It probably doesn’t encourage people to vote for him in America today. (Stirland). Likewise, John Aravosis of Weblog said: â€Å"†¦Is the New Yorker so out of touch that they don’t realize that much of America, or at least too much of America, harbors these very concerns about Obama and his wife? † (Stirland). Finally, Matt of The Acropolis, sarcastically observed: â€Å"†¦I’ve heard so many students at MSU tell me, ‘Aw, come on, man. Ever yone knows that guy’s a freaking Muslim. ’ Ok, maybe it was only, like two students, but I’ve heard even more adults say the same thing. It’s truly insane. † In conclusion, Blitt’s cartoon cover of The New Yorker magazine is a satire. The magazine is widely known for its criticisms and satires and literary views on social and political issues. This cartoon is not the first satire that The New Yorker had published or Blitt created. The magazine had no bad intentions for Obama’s political career or his personal life. The New Yorker was just trying to make business and doing what they were known for. Perhaps people should look more closely before making a judgment when they see something out of the ordinary. How to cite The New Yorker July 21, 2008 Cover: Satire or Racist?, Papers

Treating Dementia-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Analyze the experience and the Environment of the individual living with Dementia Overvie. Answer: Dementia can be understood as a category of symptoms due to disorders affecting the brain (www.alz.org, 2017). The typical symptoms are loss of memory, difficulties in the thought process, in language or problem solving abilities. This greatly affects the ability of the individual to conduct day to day activities. Dementia can also cause changes in behaviour, mood and personality. This is generally caused due to a decline of the normal mental functioning due to the Detoriation of the brain caused by aging. Several different disease can cause dementia, like Alzhimers disease, Lewy Body Disease, vascular dementia, fronto-temporal dementia, head trauma, Parkinsons disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Huntingtons disease. An individual with dementia, can be suffering from more than one of these diseases. Treating dementia depends on its causality, however progressive forms of dementia (like Alzhimers) have no treatment or cure to slow or stop the progression of the disease (Rizzi, Ross et Roriz-Cruz, 2014). However there are few medicines that can help to manage the symptoms of advanced dementia. Cholinesterase inhibitors can also be used to manage the symptoms of mild or moderate dementia (Hahn Paik, 2015). However, improvement in their conditions and quality of life can be done by proper care giving, providing emotional support, and education and conducting programs of regular exercises (Forbes et al., 2013). Interventions (cognitive and behavioral) can also be used to help the patients (Huntley et al., 2015). In the movie Age Old Friends (1989), a retirement home was shown where the protagonists of the movie were residents. The home had strict rules for its residents, and the surrounding was all strictly ordered. This deprived the residents of a sense of freedom, and self dignity. This was a major problem of approach in the treatment of dementia. Since the condition is mostly untreatable in advanced stages, it becomes necessary to allow the patients to try to lead a normal life, providing all the help they need to perform their daily activities. The strict ordering however also had its positive effect of timely administration of medicines, and participation in group activities. The spontaneity of the staff allowed timely action whenever needed, and prevented negligence due to complacency. Taking into considerations the complicated nature of dementia symptoms, and the lack of treatment for its advanced stages, care must be taken to ensure the patients have a decent quality of life, with a sense of normalcy. Generally treatment in restricted nursing homes can be very restrictive, and can therefore be stressful for the residents. The conventional facilities, even though properly equipped medically to deal with any medical/clinical symptoms, are however not as well equipped to deal with the psychological difficulties associated with dementia. The purpose of this article is to construct a design for a treatment facility for dementia that will ensure a life with meaning and quality for the patients suffering from dementia. The primary objective of the facility will be to extend help and support to patients with advanced form of dementia. This is mostly because at advanced stage, the condition becomes untreatable, and the patients require round the clock assistance. This can be a hurdle in regular nursing homes, or homecare facilities, and be a major challenge to deal with for the family members (Holden Stokes, 2017). The proposed facility will be a housing community for the patients of advanced dementia, and employ round the clock staffs (medical practitioners, advisors for healthy living, and social workers). The design of the facility will be based upon the Hogeweyk Village for dementia patients in Amsterdam, and will involve creating a living environment for the patients (Paola, 2017). The environment will act as a community, consisting of the patient and the care givers, and the complex can be set up as a small village with general stores, pubs, caf-restaurant, movie theatres, salon, supermarket, town square, and recreation centers (Glass, 2014). The aim of the facility to provide a normal mode of life for the suffering people, and to take away the feeling of a restrictive environment associated with traditional facilities. The doctors and caregivers will be trained to make the experience as realistic as possible, residents can go out for shopping when they want, prepare food as they would staying home. The facility will try to provide a new home for these people, instead of just a treatment facility. It should be kept in mind that many of these patients will never be cured, and hence will live the rest of his/her life in the facility. Hence, utmost care will be taken to ensure they can have a meaningful life and that of quality. The caregivers will no longer be wearing the regular clinical outfits, reminding the patients of closed clinics. Instead they will wear regular cloths, and live next doors to the patients as neighbors. The doors will not need any locking system, while still ensuring security to the residents. Additio nal facilities like automated elevators can ensure that a patient would not need to remember or interact to operate the lift. If the residents are allowed the freedom to move, go shopping, walk in the sun and involve in group activities, they would feel less restricted, and the adverse effects of the disease on their psychology and mood can be greatly alleviated. Similar setups in Hogeweyk have shown positive results, with the patient eating better and living longer than patients living in traditional setups. The residents can also get involved in musical activities, or learn musical instruments, which can be helpful in stimulating the mind (Sapiro, Farrant Pavlicevic, 2017). One very common symptom of dementia is problems with short term memories, following instructions, or remembering them (Adams, Deokar, Anderson Edwards, 2013). This can cause serious impedance in the daily activities. Ensuring freedom of movement to the patients can ensure the feeling of freedom, at the same time being in close proximity of caregivers all the time, can ensure they receive help urgently. Being able to go out and travel through the village on their own, the patients can develop a sense of normalcy, in their rapidly detiorating mental health, and live in a stress free, helpful environment, that can be their home (Aubrecht Keefe, 2016). Although, comparison can be drawn on such artificially created/projected sense of normalcy, as was in the case in the movie The Tuman Show (1998), it can be stated that for patients who are already losing their grip on reality, a fabricated reality can still keep them connected to this life, and prevent a sense of abandonment and alienat ion References: Adams, M. L., Deokar, A. J., Anderson, L. A., Edwards, V. J. (2013). Self-Reported Increased Confusion or Memory Loss and Associated Functional Difficulties Among Adults Aged 60 Years.Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report,62(18), 347-350. Aubrecht, K., Keefe, J. (2016). The Becoming Subject of Dementia.Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal,12(2 3). Forbes, D., Thiessen, E. J., Blake, C. M., Forbes, S. C., Forbes, S. (2013). Exercise programs for people with dementia.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,12, 0. Glass, A. P. (2014). Innovative Seniors Housing and Care Models: What We Can Learn from the Netherlands.Seniors Housing Care Journal, 74. Hahn, S. J., Paik, N. J. (2015). Pharmacological Treatment of Dementia.Brain Neurorehabilitation,8(1), 19-23. Holden, U., Stokes, G. (2017). The dementias.The Essential Dementia Care Handbook: A Good Practice Guide, 11. Huntley, J. D., Gould, R. L., Liu, K., Smith, M., Howard, R. J. (2015). Do cognitive interventions improve general cognition in dementia? A meta-analysis and meta-regression.BMJ open,5(4), e005247. Paola, S. (2017). Dementia village: A new model for living with dementia.AJP: The Australian Journal of Pharmacy,98(1165), 16. Rizzi, L., Rosset, I., Roriz-Cruz, M. (2014). Global epidemiology of dementia: Alzheimers and vascular types.BioMed research international,2014. Spiro, N., Farrant, C. L., Pavlicevic, M. (2017). Between practice, policy and politics: Music therapy and the Dementia Strategy, 2009.Dementia,16(3), 259-281. www.alz.org. (2017).What Is Dementia?.Alzhimer's Association. Retrieved 7 November 2017, from https://www.alz.org/what-is-dementia.asp

Was the Settlement at BNR Fair an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Was the Settlement at BNR Fair? In 2002, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway (BNR) settled a $2.2 million case that EEOC filed against the railway company for genetically testing its employees without consent. While BNR admitted to so doing, the company stressed that it did not do anything wrong. (Schafer, 2001) Need essay sample on "Was the Settlement at BNR Fair?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed BNR started genetically testing employees after a maintenance worker made compensation claims against the company for allegedly acquiring carpal tunnel syndrome through his job. According to Schafer (2001), the worker initially refused a blood testing but was threatened to be fired by the company. It was the workers wife, a nurse, who discovered that the company had been genetically testing employees without their knowledge. The million-dollar settlement brought closure to the genetic testing of BNR employees, with assurance from BNR that the occurrences of the case will not be taken against any employee. BNR carried out genetic testing to employees who are making medical claims to prove, with proper medical examination, the viability of the claims and to protect itself from probable workplace health-related lawsuits that may arise from the growing cases. Most claims filed were related to carpal tunnel syndrome. Scientists, however, are on a dispute whether genetic testing is the right way to prove the viability of such medical claims. With the case ending with about 36 employees bagging a total of $2.2 million worth of settlement from BNR (Duke L. s fairness remains to be a debatable topic. Two sides of the coin The question on fairness has two sides. The first side is if the settlement was fair to BNR, or the employers in general. The second side is if the settlement is fair to the employees, or the workforce in general. Whether it is fair for BNR and employers is a question of the purpose of genetic testing. The EEOC-BNR case was grounded on The Americans with Disabilities Act. Apart from this, imposing against genetic testing in the workplace can be taken in three other standpoints according to the law, according to Duke L. & Tech (2002): the prohibition of the constitution against illegal searches and seizure, the Title VII of the Civil Rights of 1964, and state legislations across the country against discriminating employees on the basis of genetic test results. If the company genetically tests employees or applicants before they are hired or promoted, the company has a liability against the law. Likewise, if the company carries out a genetic testing without the knowledge of employees, whether it is to prove the viability of a medical condition or some other reasons, the company shall be answerable to the court. On the other hand, a company may be right to utilize genetic testing to help employees or to protect the company, such as to certify a medical condition that an employee is filing for the sake of financial claims, though the company has to have consent from the employees being tested to do so. However, if the company uses the result of genetic testing to prove that the employee contracted his medical condition genetically, and not from the workplace, to protect itself from financial or judicial liability, the employer is on the wrong light. On the side of the employees, it is a question of whether they consent the test or not. If they are genetically tested against their will, then it is not fair for them. Being genetically tested should be a free-will activity, as the results will reveal sensitive information about the person who was tested. Skene (n.d.) affirms this by saying that the regulation of genetic testing may be patterned with other regulations on privacy and protection of personal information. Therefore, genetically testing someone requires that persons consent, and if given the result of the genetic test must be kept confidential. The BNR Dispute With the dispute filed against BNR, growing medical claims is the reason given by the company in carrying out genetic tests to employees without permission. The results of the genetic tests were teamed with medical examinations to prove the existence of carpal tunnel syndrome on employees who claimed of acquiring the deformity in the workplace. According to Duke L. rather, it is testing employees who otherwise may have refused a genetic testing if they had known that is what the company doctor is taking their bloods for. Byravan and Matlaw (2005) argue that privacy should be a first consideration when speaking about genetic testing. A genetic makeup can make or break livesfor example, an insurance company who gets hold of a persons genetic test results may play things safely and deny a person long-term health insurance coverage citing other bases, with the person not knowing that he is being denied coverage because the insurance company got a copy of her genetic records. In the same way, employers may use a leak in genetic records as a basis of hiring applicants or not. With blurry legislations regarding the protection of the confidentiality of genetic resultsultimately affecting physical privacymany people will think twice about giving in to genetic testing. This will make it difficult for medical professionals to help patients fight diseases they have a genetic history of, as well as treat the patients properly by use of analyzing patients genetic makeup. The pros and cons of genetic testing for em ployees are all too sensitive. Issues of physical privacy as well as the medical necessity of genetic testing bother them. With the employees of BNRs right to refuse genetic testing, as BNR performed the test without letting them know, the company breached the employees trust. On another standpoint, Duke L. & Tech. (2002) reports many sources affirming that the BNR employees gave a non-deliberate consent in an "invasive procedure" after filing medical claims for carpal tunnel syndrome. Was the settlement fair? The settlement is fair for BNR and the employees. Because BNR broke the trust and the right to privacy and confidentiality of employees, they served right in paying the multi-million dollar settlement since the case is no longer why they are testing their employees genetically but how they are carrying out the tests. The genetic tests of BNR employees were done without their knowledge, and they did not have a chance to decline being tested. They also did not have any control on the information that the company got out of the genetic test results. The decision whether the results of genetic makeup of employees will be used for pre-judgment in health insurance coverage or the corporate advancement of employees was left exclusively to BNR. With the results out of the employees control, it would have been easy for BNR or a third party inside the company to divulge the employees genetic records. While it would have been fair for the company, to protect its financial and judicial interest, it did its course the wrong way by doing the test against the employees knowledge and will. Given the foregoing, it is right to conclude that the BNR settlement has been fair. Conclusion If BNR has consent on the tests it did to its employees, the case would have been lighter for the company. The case likely ended in another way that a $2.2 million settlement. It would have been easier for BNR to say that the move is for the positive interest of both the employees and the company. On the standpoint that BNR employees gave non-deliberate consent for invasive procedure such as genetic testing, as this is one way to prove the feasibility of their claimed medical condition, the company still should have required employees to sign a paper admitting their consent to a genetic testing. This way, BNR has a tangible evidence that they are authorized to carry out a genetic test on their employees. On the argument that the genetic tests were done privately because employees may refuse, BNR and employers should keep in mind that when talking about genetic testing, it is a personal decision of the person being tested. After all, proper medical examination sans genetic testing is enough to prove if an ailment the employee is claiming was acquired in the office. Works Cited Schafer, S. (2001). Railroad agrees to stop gene-testing workers. Retrieved June 8, 2006, from http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A34877-2001Apr18?language=printer Duke L. s coin toss. Retrieved June 8, 2006, from http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/dltr/articles/2002dltr0015.html Skene, L. (n.d.). Genetic testing and privacy rights.

Songhai Empire Essay Example

Songhai Empire Essay Example Songhai Empire Paper Songhai Empire Paper Beffa 4 The Songhai Empire Alex Beffa Global History April 9, 2012 Beffa 3 The Songhai, also known as the Songhay, was not only the last, but also the largest and greatest empire of western Africa between 1000 and 1600 ce. i The previous empire was the Mali empire. Songhai was just a client state at the port of Gao, which was a major trading port for trans-Saharan trade especially since it is located on the Niger river. When the Mali empire started to decline in the 14 th century, the Songhai king declared independence. i The Songhai empire was the most thriving west African empire for many reasons but major ones are: the kings Sunni Ali and Muhammad Ture as well as the conquering of the city of Timbuktu. Sunni Ali became ruler in 1464. He did not waste any time waiting to begin expanding. Shortly after coming to power, he went to conquer the great trading port of Timbuktu from the Tuareg raiders. After Timbuktu was his, Sunni Alis armies went south to the port of Jenne. In 1480, he attacked the Mossi states south of the Niger river. He had a strong military background which helped him become one of the best conquerers and leaders in African empire history until this point. His best asset was his naval skills which is mostly likely why he typically conquered ports along the Niger river. One of his major advancements was the the creation of a bureaucracy. This allowed the Songhai to be a more centralized empire than the previous empires of Ghana and Mali. To help get the Muslim support, Sunni Ali claimed to be a Muslim, though he never truly left the old traditional religions supposedly due to the belief that it was the source of his supernatural powers in battle. In 1492, after a successful conquest, according to some oral traditions, Sunni Ali drowned while crossing the Niger river. Still others refuse to accept this theory, insisting that he died in battle. His reign was from 1464-1492. When Sunni Ali died, one of his sons named Sunni Barou took over. iii Unfortunately, unlike his father, Sunni Barou did not claim to be Muslim but rather embraced the old tradition. This did not go over very well with the Muslim community in the empire. Not long after taking the throne, Sunni Barou was overthrown by a very faithful muslim named Muhammad Ture. Born around 1440, he was a very ruthless Beffa 4 killer. He even want so far as to eliminate the rest of Sunni Alis family members. As for his way of governing, the Islamic religion played a big role. He believed that the spread of islam was very important for two reasons. One, he was a devout muslim and felt that everyone should be. And second, he saw Islam as a way to unify the empire. He organized his own bureaucracy with 10 providences and an administrator for each. This allowed him to rule very effectively over a vast empire. To lower chances of a rebellion, Muhammad Ture would not allow the kings of the conquered to keep their power but instead he would replace them with members of his own family. In 1495, Muhammad decided to make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Unlike other rulers, he was able to leave for long periods of time due to how incredibly stable his government was. After his journey, he felt the need to expand the empire. When Sunni Ali had died, a good number of the states Sunni Ali had conquered had declared independence. It was up to muhammad to reassert the Songhai’s control over these territories. He had no problem with going on an almost continuous military conquest for close to two decades. Like Sunni Ali, Muhammad Ture also expanded the navy. After a military life like that, he was lucky to be around to experience old age. In 1528 Muhammad was so well aged that he had lost the drive to continue the conquests. Also he began to go blind, so his son Farimundyo Musa took over. Farimundyo Musa changed his name to Askia Musa which is where the Askia dynasty comes from. Askia Musa was assassinated in 1531 by one of his brothers. Since Muhammad Ture was Islamic and education is a big part of Islam, Muhammad obviously supported education. The University of Timbuktu was one of the first universities in all of Africa. It attracted many scholars, mainly Islamic. Trade helped bring prosperity to the Songhai Empire as well as these other advances. iv Timbuktu was not only, a major trading spot, but also an educational capital. It had a big effect on the Songhai empire. By conquering this major port early on in the Songhai empires life, it established a sort of foundation. By controlling this port along with a few other key cities, they basically dominated the trans-Saharan trade. Timbuktu Beffa 3 was founded by nomads of the Tuareg in the early 12 th century. In its early days, Timbuktu was thought to be inferior to other major trading ports for trans-Saharan trade such as the cities of Ghana or Walata because they were more impressive. It did not take long to change peoples minds. Timbuktu and its sister city Jenne, which was also soon conquered by the Songhai, were in much better position to the gold field than Walata. Another factor in the rise of timbuktu was the nomad arabs that had been raiding caravans along the western routes. In turn, more people had been taking the eastern routes through Timbuktu. Finally, probably the most signif icant reason timbuktu was such a major port, Timbuktu was on a point where three major trans-Saharan routes went: the Mauritanian, Taghaza salt road, and the route to In Salah by way of Arawan. Two of the most important major imports and exports of the Songhai empire were salt and gold, but other items included slaves, ivory, cotton fabrics, grains, and ostrich feathers. vi To Timbuktu in particular, the major ones were gold, salt, slaves, and kola nuts. The salt came from the salt mines in the Sahara. The gold came from Bure, Bambuk, and Akan. The others, kola nuts and slaves were kinda of wide spread, coming from several p laces and in demand at many more. Naturally as a major trading port, Timbuktu had cultural diffusion. Islamic ideas were passed around especially when Muhammad Ture was in power. vii In 1591 a Moroccan force overthrew the last king of the Songhai empire, thus ending the reign of the greatest western African empire between 1100 and 1600. viii They took the capital at Gao and then moved on to timbuktu. ix It would make sense that trade would be the Songhais forte since when the Mali empire was still in power, the Songhai was a major trading spot at the city of Gao. And the big emphasis on having a great navy would also make sense considering they are located on the Niger river. The major reasons for such an enormous and thriving empire were the well-organized government, combined with outstanding kings, and never having a financial crisis since they conquered cities like Timbuktu and Jenne right from the beginning. Beffa 4 Bibliography Fritze, Ronald. Timbuktu. In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2004-. Accessed April 16, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. Insoll, Timothy A. â€Å"Trade Empire. † Archeaology 53, no. 6 (november 2000): 48 MAS Ultra-School Edition, Ebscohost (accessed February 5, 2012). Page, Willie F. Encyclopedia of African History and Culture. USA: A Learning Source Book, 2001 William, Oscar. â€Å"Songhai Empire. † In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABCCLIO, 2004-. Accessed February 5, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abcclio. com/search/display/601432? terms=songhai World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. â€Å"Africa, 3000 BCE-1500 BCE,† ac cessed February 4, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abcclio. com/search/display/588506? terms=medieval+africa+songhai World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Askia dynasty, accessed April 16, 2012. http://ancienthistory. bc-clio. com/. World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Muhammad Ture, accessed April 15, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Sunni Ali, accessed April 8, http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. 2012. i Oscar William. â€Å"Songhai Empire. † In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC- CLIO, 2004-. Accessed February 5 , 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/search/display/601432? terms=songhai ii World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Sunni Ali, accessed April 15, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. om/. iii World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Sunni Ali,† iv World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Muhammad Ture, accessed April 15, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. v Ronald Fritze. Timbuktu. In World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2004-. Accessed April 16, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. vi World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Muhammad Ture,† vii Fritze viii World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, s. v. Askia dynasty, accessed April 16, 2012. http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com/. ix Fritze

Has neoliberalism impacted men and women differently Essay

Has neoliberalism impacted men and women differently - Essay Example The emergence of neoliberalism and the globalization however, also brought forward the different social and political inequalities. The changing social order which took place as a result of the neoliberalism is believed to have taken the women out of the family equation and has placed her in the midst of crisis. What is so important with the neoliberalism is that it pushes the regulation of a society out of the hands of government and places it in the hands of market with the belief that the social equality and justice will be restored. Due to the market driven social, political and economic policies, the overall labor force has became more mobile and women are now being considered as the vital part of the overall labor force of any country. The question of whether this shift towards the neoliberalism has affected men and women equally or in different manner therefore is a valid question which this paper will attempt to explore. A quicker look at the definition of neoliberalism shall be a starting point to discuss the issue of how the neoliberalism has actually affected men and women. ... Though the notion of poor gets poorer and rich gets richer has been highlighted what is also significant to note that the above definition has highlighted the issue of economic policies which are relatively free from the influence of State. Neoliberalism in this regard therefore is a completely new philosophy outlining the lesser role of State and therefore greater power to be given to the market forces. Thus the ultimate goal of neoliberalism is to expand and intensify the markets to such level that every transaction takes place based on the market forces. The ultimate objective of neoliberalism therefore is to envisage a world where every aspect of life is governed by the markets. One of the aims of the neoliberalism therefore are to convert most of the social acts and relations according to the market transactions thus allowing competition to take place between each being. Economic rationality therefore is considered as the driving philosophy behind the regulation of a perfect soc iety. This also means that the overall social relations, gender specific roles as well as the position of man and woman radically altered as a result of this shift towards the more market oriented society based on the notion of economic rationality. Since economic competition served as the guiding principle therefore the maximization of the neoliberalism’s ideology. It is in this wake the sex or gender specific roles have reversed also due to the increasing emphasis on the competition and market driven social relations. The basic ideology of liberalism is based on the liberty and freedom and thus this very fact outline the disappearance of the social relations which might result into any kind of handicap between the social relations and compromise the liberty

Segmentation and Possible Target Markets Case Study - 1

Segmentation and Possible Target Markets - Case Study Example This is because both of these drinks initially originated from the United States hence the people identify with the brand. Behavioral aspects of the people of the United States also determine the marketing segment. The people constantly enjoy a soft drink as compared to the other part of the world where beverages like tea possess more popularity. Hence, the United States is a market segment for coke and diet coke based on geographic, psychographic and behavioral patterns (D’Altorio, 2010). The product coke targets towards the whole population in the market. However, Coca-Cola Company takes exceptional effort to ensure that various age groups associated with this brand. As a result, teenagers become a market segment for the Coca-Cola Company. Teenagers are a notorious market segment that proves hard to impress various times. However, Coca-Cola takes up the challenge to identify their brand with the young generation since teenagers constantly consume soft drinks. Teenagers provi de a good market segment since they are an ideal target for both coke and diet coke. While Coke aims at the general teenage population, diet coke appeals easily to teenage girls who are health conscious and prefer to consume a low-calorie soft drink. Coca-cola targets the teenage population by placing their products in school vending machines. In addition, the social media plays a crucial role in ensuring the brand advertises itself to teenagers through popular sites such as facebook and twitter. One of the advertisements by coca cola targeting teenager is the global ad campaign that uses the love of music by teenagers to appeal to them (Chapman, 2011).Women in the United States are a market segment specifically due to their consumption of Diet Coke. Since the release of the product in 1982, diet coke receives appraisal and acceptance in the United States market as a feminine drink. This is because the drink attracted more female customers than it did male customers.